As Said by Mark Twain

Eiffel Tower, built in 1889 and named after its designer and engineer Gustave Eiffel is one of the most famous architectural structure in the world. ————————————————- Eiffel Tower is observation & radio broadcasting tower, it is 324 meters tall, and tallest building in Paris, also second tallest in the whole of France. It was also tallest man-made structure of the world from 1889 to 1930. Stonehenge, United Kingdom Stonehenge is an amazing structure built of standing stones in a circular form.It is one of the most ancient structures of the world, believed to built before 2000 B. C. Stonehenge has been destroyed several times, and the present day structure is believed to be remains of the structure built in 1600 B. C. ————————————————- Stonehenge is owned by Th e Crown and is also a  UNESCO  World Heritage Site. It is managed by English Heritage and National Trust. Saint Basil's Cathedral, Russia Saint Basil's Cathedral is a Russian Orthodox Church built in 16th century in Moscow. It is operated as State Historical Museum and is a property of Russian Federation.The design of the building forms a shape like that of flame of bonfire rising to the sky. ————————————————- Saint Basil's Cathedral is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Leaning Tower of Pisa, Italy Leaning Tower of Pisa is a unique structure, leaned at one side. It is campanile in the Italian city of Pisa. ————————————————- The Tower is 56. 70 high, 4. 09m wide and leaned at 3. 99 degrees. The construction of the tower started in 1173 and was completed in 1372. T he tower has eight stories, including chamber of bells.It was not planned originally as a something like this, but during the construction it started leaning, and today although it weighs more than 14,000 metric tons, miraculously and proudly stands as one of the most beautiful structures of the world. Statue of Liberty, United States of America The  Statue of Liberty  is a sculpture of Libertas, Roman Goddess of Freedom, situated in United States of America. The statue designed by Frederic Bartholdi, was a gift from People of France to USA. The statue was inscribed on July 4, 1776, on the date of American Declaration of Independence.There is a broken chain at the feet of the statue, representing icon of freedom of United States. ————————————————- The statue is 93 meters high and has more than 3 million visitors annually. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Christ The Redeemer, Brazil Christ The Redeemer, located in Brazil, is one of the Seven Wonders of the World, it is also the fifth largest statue of Jesus Christ, and largest Art Deco statue in the World. ————————————————- Built between 1921 and 1931, The statue is 39. 6m. tall, 30m wide, and weighs over 600 tonnes.

Compare And Contrast Songs Essay

The two songs â€Å"Indian Reservation† by Paul Revere and The Raiders, and â€Å"Seminole Wind† by John Anderson expressed emotion, culture, and religion. â€Å"Indian Reservation† song has more of an ‘upbeat’ tempo, and the lyrics that the band sang are a personal view of a Native American or Cherokee tribe. The lyrics seemed angry as they sang about how the Cherokee tribe turned into a mess by becoming â€Å"Americans†. For example: when the song said , â€Å"and all the beads we made by hand, are nowadays made in Japan,† The song shows that the Cherokee tribe’s hard work was importantÍ ¾ but, the â€Å"American† people took over the Cherokee’s work and did not appreciate what they once created by hand. The Cherokee people are proud of what they accomplished in their way of life. The song â€Å"Seminole Wind† by John Anderson has a very country vibe to it. The song has a less ‘upbeat’ toneÍ ¾ however, the rhythm of the song flows well. The lyrics to this song have a more descriptive language to it. When John Anderson was singing, one can easily picture what he was singing about. â€Å"Seminole Wind† has many metaphors and they all have special meanings. Another metaphor is that, the song talks about having destroyed land rather than looking as if their tribe turned into ‘Americans’.

The Femme Fatale: Ambiguity and Death

The Femme Fatale: Ambiguity and Death In cinema, the femme fatale is an enticing, exquisitely beautiful, erotic character who plays the ultimate trick of nature: she displays her beauty, captures the man and goes in for the kill. Unfortunately for this poisonous flower, male dominated western society interferes and kills the female predator in the end. In western cinema, the femme fatale can never survive, and can never â€Å"win† in the battle of the sexes. But why must this be so? What makes the femme fatale such a dangerously curious character for the hero as well as the viewer? In E.Ann Kaplan’s’ Women in Film Noir, Richard Dyer states â€Å"†¦women in film noir are above all else unknowable. It is not so much their evil as their unknowability (and attractiveness) that makes them fatal for the hero. † (Dyer, p. 92) Dyer’s observation alludes to the connection between the ambiguous female and the desperate need for the male to reveal her in order to possess her; it is the fear of the â€Å"unknowable† woman that makes her a direct target. This essay will explore the notion of ambiguity as a source of life as well as the ultimate reason for the death of the femme fatale.Before delving into the idea of ambiguity and its power of life and death for the femme fatale, an exploration into the actual women behind the character-type is crucial. The actress who portrays an ambiguous woman must herself, possess ambiguity, or she will never be believable and the fantasy of the femme fatale character is broken. Once we can see through the â€Å"bad girl† act, the portrayal becomes completely unsuccessful. Two actresses became infamous for their portrayals of two of the most well known femme fatales: Louise Brooks as Lulu and Rita Hayworth as Gilda. In G. W.Pabst’s Pandora’s Box (1929) Louise Brooks plays Lulu, a young woman who infects men (and women) with her erotic gaze and causes much mayhem in a 192 0’s Weimar Germany. The actress who would play Lulu had to be able to truly depict the kind of femme fatale that Pabst envisioned and would successfully capture on camera. The character of Lulu is a hedonistic carefree spirit who is well aware of her feminine wilds and understands the politics of sex. In the film, we watch as she manipulates many people with her beauty and eroticism and even plays with us, the viewer, as if she is aware we are watching her perform.But the woman we are watching is not Lulu; she is Louise Brooks frolicking on camera. Brooks possess the ambiguity of the Lulu character as opposed to just portraying ambiguity on behalf of the role. Before the film even begins Louise Brooks is presenting an ambiguous persona, being an American actress starring in a German film, the audience is already simultaneously perplexed and intrigued. Molly Haskell writes in her book, From Reverence to Rape: The Treatment of Women in the Movies, that Pabst â€Å"in his searc h for the ideal Lulu for Pandora’s Box, found [Marlene] Dietrich, his ‘countrywoman,’ too ‘old’ and too ‘knowing. †(Haskell, p. 83) Pabst needed an actress who was unknowable and unknown so that the mystery of the Lulu character would always be present. The audience is wondering who Lulu is as well as who Louise Brooks is; such a game keeps the viewers attention always on Lulu/Louise. If Pabst had used the already famous Dietrich in Pandora’s Box, the initial sense of ambiguity would no longer exist, as Dietrich is a recognizable German actress and the femme fatale that is Lulu, would not be passable.Contributing to the allure of female ambiguity, Molly Haskell writes that directors and critics alike â€Å"find their erotic fancies tickled by women who are at opposite sides of the sexual-cultural pole from themselves. † (Haskell, p. 82-3) The sexual appeal of the â€Å"exotic† woman is apart of the racial ambiguity th at both Louise Brooks- an American actress playing a femme fatale in Germany, and Rita Hayworth- playing an American living in Argentina share.This idea that the men who create these films have a personal sexual investment in the choosing of the actresses who will play these dangerous beauties is a very interesting point Haskell brings about. If Marlene Dietrich couldn’t play Lulu because she isn’t ambiguous enough for Germany, her huge popularity overseas in America seems logical given the ambiguity she possess in front of an American audience. This is where Rita Hayworth’s side of the spectrum plays out in an interesting way. Rita Hayworth was an American actress in the 1940’s and portrayed the classic femme fatale in Gilda (1946) directed by Austrian-born Charles Vidor.Rita Hayworth’s emergence into Hollywood included a grueling physical transformation to, in a sense, â€Å"tone down† her mixed race background of Spanish and Irish parents . What resulted was a lethal combination of exoticism and refined beauty; Rita Hayworth had the physical ability to be racially ambiguous enough to keep people’s attention but not so much as to truly raise questions about her Latin background. She had the curves, lips and sexualized mannerisms of a fantastical Latin woman, mixed with beautiful red hair and fair skin.As Gilda, Hayworth was made for the part of a femme fatale. Hayworth may even possess an ultimate ambiguity because her look remains unique in many parts of the world; her racial ambiguity is transportable. Louise Brooks and Rita Hayworth both brought with them, to their respective film set, their own ambiguities. The rest of the mystery behind these two dangerous female lead characters lies within their stories. In Pandora’s Box, Lulu is a very youthful spirit who emerges on screen and remains on screen with a presence that is dreamlike.Her â€Å"spell† that she seems to cast on all those around her is the elimination of wrongdoing, consequence, sin, etc. All that surrounds Lulu is attention and unexplainable adoration, which she uses to try to maneuver her way out of trouble when she accidently shoots her new husband after a fight over the gun. Lulu effortlessly convinces a group of friends to help her escape the law and run away from all consequence. Lulu carelessly manipulates by seducing the people around her, all to help herself and her own desires.She is an enchantress of sorts, and even as a viewer, watching this from the outside, I found myself growing fond of this whimsical femme fatale. When things don’t turn out well for Lulu, she is starving with her â€Å"father† and her dead husband’s son who’s helped her run away, Lulu doesn’t learn her lesson on being a proper de-sexualized, grounded lady. When starved and stranded in London, she applies make-up to her face and wanders the street for another victim to charm, and on her last vo yage out into the cold, she meets her death at the hand of Jack the Ripper.The character of Lulu is ambiguous in many ways, and the first is in terms of her class. When we first meet Lulu, she is the kept woman of Schon (her soon to be dead husband), and is kept very well in a fancy flat just for her, for whenever he wants to see her. He appears to be of the upper-middle or upper-class and is a media-tycoon, where she eventually gets a part in his son’s production. Contrary to this comfortable life Lulu leads as Schon’s mistress, Lulu’s â€Å"father,† Schigolch, is a sloppy drunk who she tells Schon was her first patron, and helps him whenever he comes to her.Lulu teeters between two very clear class lines: the rich and the very poor, and we as the viewer want to consider her only one of those two categories. The ambiguity of Lulu’s class is interesting when you observe that she probably comes from a poor background, yet she acts like a spoiled lit tle rich girl throughout much of the film. Class ambiguity is also found in the Gilda story. Gilda emerges onto the screen as a game-changer for the main character, whom she sets out to destroy; a cheat gambler turned trusted casino manager named Johnny.Gilda represents the new rock wedged between Johnny and the casino owner Ballin, who doesn’t know that his new wife Gilda and Johnny were an item back in the United States before both coming separately to Buenos Aires. The social and class ambiguity that Gilda has here is that between her wealthy European husband, her ex-beau Johnny who came from next to no money (at the start of the film, Johnny nearly gets robbed of money he scams off of some sailors), and the local South American men she speaks to in Spanish and sings to in the very late hours of the night.She has an unexplained relationship to an older employee of the casino, whom she calls Uncle Pio and is very fond of. Gilda’s ambiguous class ties are no doubt lin ked with Rita/Gilda’s racial ambiguities as she can easily blend in and can clearly function, knowing the language, in the South American country alone from Johnny or Ballin. Sexual ambiguity is found with Lulu’s character, as she has the ability to cast spells on woman as well as she does with men, in particular one friend of Lulu’s, the Countess Geshwitz.Throughout the film when the Countess is present it is very obvious that she is being seduced by Lulu in such a way that it appears the Countess is acting alone, and the vision of Lulu calling on the Countess simply a mirage. The Countess appears more sincere, wanting to dance with Lulu at her wedding to Schon in such a way; it looks as if Lulu and the Countess were the bride and groom. The Countess also gives Lulu money and helps her with whatever Lulu asks when she is on the run. Both Lulu and Gilda’s character’s share an ambiguity on their origin.We, the viewer, have no sense of where these fe mmes fatales came from, and this fact has significance when breaking down the character of the femme fatale. Not having a past is a very large part of Gilda. In a few parts of the film, Gilda, Johnny, and Ballin talk about this idea that they three are beginning anew and that there is no past for Gilda and Johnny before Ballin came into their lives. They toast to the new group of three at dinner one night (referencing an earlier toast before Gilda entered the picture, between Johnny, Ballin, and Ballin’s sword-tipped cane) and this signifies the removal of any history of all three of them.In Lulu’s case, we never learn about her origins either, and with the chaos of the events during much of the film, we don’t seem to care about where she came from. The only key to a past we have of Lulu comes from her first patron, Schigolch. From that we may draw the conclusion that she may have come from the very low class up until she met Schon. But all of this is merely gue ssing, as nothing is really given away and Lulu remains ambiguous and only in the present tense. The persona of the femme fatale is that much like the Greek myth of Pandora’s box and the male anxiety that surrounds the dangerous woman.In fact, Laura Mulvey writes in Fetishism and Curiosity that, â€Å"Pandora is the prototype for the exquisite female android and, as a dangerous enchantress, she is also the prototype for the femme fatale† (Mulvey, p. 55-6). Pandora was made to by the Greek Gods to be brought to man in order to deliver all the evils of the world, which she held in a small box. She was told to never open the box, but was told this with the God’s knowing her curiosity would get the best of her, and she opened the box. Chaos escaped out of the box and the only thing that remained was hope.The femme fatale is a manufactured, cosmetic woman who is placed in a film noir to bring about destruction to the main male character while appearing to seduce him. The femme fatale may go even further and entice the audience, and in a few cases she succeeds- there is an admiration of this figure by both men and women and some to the degree of fetish- but the femme fatale can never live without meeting her demise. This happens in Pandora’s Box with Lulu’s fatal demise, as well as with Gilda in a metaphorical sense.In Gilda, after Ballin skips town abruptly, Johnny and Gilda get back together but only for a brief time until Johnny begins to get controlling. Gilda flees only to return for the famous striptease scene, and later Ballin returns again to avenge the pair for betraying him. When Ballin dies, Johnny and Gilda make up, and Gilda completely changes from this rebellious firebird we’ve watched for three-quarters of the film to a quaint and very quiet woman, ready to go home with Johnny. Here, the femme fatale dies in a figurative sense, as if Gilda were simply wearing a mask and Johnny tore it off her face to reveal he r true wholesome self.So why the abrupt endings in both films? It is possible the directors of both films wanted to keep the fantasy going for as long as possible, feeding into the male and female desire that is being explored on screen yet keep true to western convention and punish the â€Å"bad† while rewarding the â€Å"good. † It is also quite possible that the male dominated western world couldn’t handle the femme fatale winning the battle because as Mulvey observes, â€Å"within this aesthetic, masculine desire is caught in an oscillation between erotic obsession with the female body and fear of the castration that it signifies.It is, of course, the fear of castration, and subsequent disavowal of the woman’s body as castrated that Freud saw as the cause of male fetishism. † (Mulvey, p. 59) It is interesting to think the male dominated film industry at the time of these films may have been playing with an image of woman that could figuratively castrate men while visually pleasing them, creating what Mulvey says Freud observed as earl fetishism. The femme fatale must then represent an object that arouses sexual desire up until the point of castration, and then the femme fatale will always die in order for the male to survive. She was created to please and then destroy, just like Pandora.Works Cited 1) Mulvey, Laura. Fetishism and Curiosity. London: British Film Institute, Indiana University Press, 1996. Print. 2) Haskell, Molly. From Reverence to Rape: The Treatment of Women in the Movies. Canada. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston of Canada, 1973,1974. Print. 3) Dyer, Richard. â€Å"Resistance through charisma: Rita Hayworth and Gilda. † Women in Film Noir. Ed. E Ann Kaplan. London: British Film Institute, 1978, 1980. 91-100. Print.

Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Analysis - Case Study Example Each of these departments performs a specific task that relates to supporting the main goal of enhancing oil exploration and manufacturing activities. Oil is the main item for the company. Therefore, it is the main item considered as the cost driver for RDS. Monitoring of cost per barrel is a major indicator on the prospects of gaining profit or making loss. The parameter is a direct indicator on whether the company is taking right measures in their cost management. Given that cost per barrel depends on demand supply and other market shocks among other uncertainty this parameter gives a general outlook on the market behaviour and therefore essential for its efforts in managing costs. Besides, assessment of cost per barrel helps RDS examine their operating cost against other players in similar market segment. 2. Computing the cost of activities in the provide IT and Telecommunication services Provision of SAP support is an activity or the initiative of the parent company and, therefore, was not considered for calculations. Other parameters provide important accounting information for the analysis. There are several methods that assist in evaluating whether departments or products within a company are meeting the targets. Traditional costing method and the activity-based costing are the common approaches for products. However, is a department makes some sales or gets some income from their involvement in the business it is possible to determine their performance as well. These measures assess the market changes, uncertainties that may occur and their possible influence. However, comparison with other companies competing in the same market segment may give a better picture that could assist the company in evaluating whether selected activities are optimal. These analyses depicts that the barrel cost of oil is not the cost driver

Skin cancer ( Health Professional Practice 1) Article

Skin cancer ( Health Professional Practice 1) - Article Example Article-1: De Launey, J. (1996). The sun and the skin cancer. Current therapeutics, 30- 39. The article by De Launey (1996) provides and over view of the role of sun in the development of skin cancer. According to De Launey (1996), all forms of skin cancers are becoming significant causes of morbidity among human beings. There are basically 2 types of skin cancers and they are melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Non-melanoma skin cancers include Bowen's disease,actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma. The author opines that the incidence of malignant melanoma is doubling every year and that even non-melanoma cancers are on rise and hence general practitioners must be aware of these types of cancer so that early recognition and prompt treatment is possible. According to the author, significant risks for malignant melanoma are sudden burning exposures especially in the first two decades of life. Thus, prevention of skin cancer is possibl e only through recognition of significant risk factors which include non-black skins and those living in areas of high sunlight exposure. prevention is mainly by limiting the number of hours of outdoor exposure and by wearing sun protective clothing and broad spectrum sunscreens 15 plus with skin protection factor containing UVA and UVB blockers. Along with these salient features, the author also describes individual types of cancer and their histopathological features. He also discussed clinical presentation, prognosis and treatment strategies. I strongly recommend that general practitioners and other health professionals must be aware of the types of skin cancers described in this article and various preventive measures that can be applied with assertion. Since protective factors are very essential during the first 2 decades of life, pediatricians must educate the parents of their patients about risks associated with sun exposure and strategies to prevent them. Article-2: De Herto g, S.A.E., Wensveen, C. A.H., Bastiens, M.T., et al. (2001). Relation Between Smoking and Skin Cancer. J Clin Oncol., 19, 231-238. The main purpose of study by De Hertog et al (2001) is to investigate, ascertain and evaluate the risk of skin cancer in those who are exposed to tobacco smoking. This study is in the wake of unknown risk estimates of cancer with tobacco smoking. The study is a hospital based case-control study in which patients with different types of skin cancers were put in the study group and those without cancer in the control group. Personal interviews were done and information about smoking history was collected. Based on relative risk estimation, it was evident that there does exist an association between smoking and squamous cell carcinoma and the risk was higher among current smokers. A dose-response relationship was found between the number of cigarettes or pipes smoked. Other forms of skin cancer were not associated with smoking. The authors concluded that sm oking is an independent risk factor for cutaneous squamous cell cancer. The authors discussed that smoke is a skin carcinogen and can affect the skin either locally or systemically. It contains several classes of compounds with demonstrated carcinogenic or cocarcinogenic activity, including nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, unsaturated aldehydes, and phenolic compounds. these can cause genetic mutations and contribute to development of cancer. in my opinion, this study provides

The Economics Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Economics Revolution - Essay Example Though people engaged in work, it was for their subsistence hence work was an end in itself and not a means to an end. The serfs tilled the land to get food for themselves and also worked for the lords as a responsibility and not to get paid. There was also no capital accumulation and those merchants who sold and bought goods to gain wealth were viewed with disdain especially by churches and for pilgrims, the idea of gain was perceived as â€Å"the doctrine of the devil† (Heilbroner, 1999, p. 25). Land was for farming and used communally; there was no buying or selling of land. Land existed in form of estates, manors and principalities and not as real estate like in modern times. Though people exchanged goods in the market; for example, gold and war chariots were exchanged for slaves and horses there was no gain envisaged. As such, up to seventeenth century, the factors of production which include land, labor and capital did not exist thus there was no market system. Heilbroner argues that economic revolution took place when the society resulted to the third solution to their survival problem which was: â€Å"allowing each individual to do exactly as he saw fit but follow a central guiding rule† (1999, p. 20). This is when the idea of gain or profit motive was born and the market system began its work which was to allocate resources. Market system in this case refers to a â€Å"mechanism for sustaining and maintaining an entire society† (p. 27). It was based on the idea that men are self-centered hence pursue own interests and in the process serve the interests of others. Since custom and command had taken root, a revolution was needed to move to a market system. During this time, only a few people (merchants and kings) were concerned with gaining wealth and merchants were considered immoral or outcasts in society.

Answer questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 23

Answer questions - Essay Example Males that are good hunters control their hunting groups and interact a lot with fertile females. The genes for goo hunters get passed on to other generations due to increased possibility of mating with fertile females (Van, pg.198). 2: read page 205 â€Å"The Mother/Infant Bond and Social Learning† and answer the following question: What do the monkeys raised without a mother tell us about the importance of parenting among primates? Are primates purely instinctual, or do they need to learn complex behaviors? Parenting among primates plays a crucial role in shaping the basic skills of the babies. The monkeys that did not grow up with a mother could not interact well with others, and they lacked basic mothering skills towards their young ones. Primates are not purely instinctual, and they need to learn the complex behaviors. The surrogate ‘mothers’ in the story did not provide any practice for the young monkeys to emulate; this letter made them behave negatively towards others (Wrangham, pg. 205). The chimpanzees used the knuckle-walking style of locomotion when on the ground. They mostly utilized the proximal finger joints of their hands while walking on quadrupedal but not the palms of their hands. The chimpanzee in the video portrayed minimal differences between them and other subspecies. Their bodies are more robust build than the bonobos, and they seem to have slight sexual dimorphic features. The grooming handclasp in the video shows that the Chimpanzee live in a fission-fusion society. Like other animals, they move and do their activities in groups mostly because they want to avoid the predators. The group size of the Chimpanzee keeps on changing in size and composition all through the year in addition to their activities

Nursing Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nursing Research Paper - Essay Example According to Aust (2011, p264), about 34% of the people on wheelchairs suffer from sitting discomfort; while more than half of wheelchair users have sitting interface pressure. Collins (2004, p53) argues that, pressure ulcers impose high risks of death, loss of function and poor quality of patient’s life. Treatment of the ulcers increases the health care cost of the patient. Pressure ulcers mainly occur as a result of damaged soft tissues. Scientifically, the tissues are mainly damaged due to unrelieved pressure built over a long time. Pressure ulcers could also be caused by the localized disruption of the skin integrity which results due to piled pressure on the underlying tissues. According to Borbasi and Jackson (2008, p16) pressure ulcers are preventable. Based on studies conducted by Bours (2002, p16); use of support surfaces, maintaining nutritional status, moisturizing, and timely repositioning is extremely essential in the prevention of this killer disease. In a scenar io where one has the pressure ulcers, then the effective and efficient role of the nursing staff is of immense importance. This study paper seeks to determine the significance of the nursing staff knowledge and education in the preventing and taking care of the pressure ulcers among patients with impaired mobility. ... Objectives and hypothesis of the study It is clear that pressure ulcers are a serious problem among the immobile patients. In most of the patients, their impaired mobility is as a result of trauma, unconsciousness, spinal cord or brain injuries. Owing to the impaired mobility; the patients develop pressure ulcers since they have limited or almost no activity. Prevention of the disease is a key issue of concern. Therefore, there is the importance of educating the nursing staff on how to care for patients with impaired mobility as a way of preventing the disease. This would consequently, result to a low percentage of the occurrence and development of the pressure ulcers among the immobile patients in the health care facilities (Brienza et al, 2010, p26). Prevention is better than cure; therefore, the nursing staff ought to make prevention of the pressure ulcers their goal especially in the clinical setting where the patients are more prone to the disease. The objective of this research study is finding out the level of education and evidence based knowledge of the staff and how this determines the prevalence and occurrence of the pressure ulcers. The research also looks into possible ways of reducing the occurrence of the disease among patients with impaired mobility. The research study will be guided by the following research questions; 1) Is the nursing staff equipped with skills, knowledge and education to help curb pressure ulcers? 2) What is the probability of a patient with impaired mobility prone to the pressure ulcers? 3) What are some of the possible ways of preventing the pressure ulcers among the immobile patients? 4) How often are the patients repositioned in the health care centres? 5) What is the average

An Economist's Account of the Existence of Moral hazard in the Essay

An Economist's Account of the Existence of Moral hazard in the healthcare sector, and describe the mechanisms necessary to tac - Essay Example However, it is argued that the existence of the excessive utilization of these systems is due to the absence of a financial barrier to control the demand, and presence of financial arrangements on the supply side, which enables providers to supply wasteful amounts. Generally, unregulated, competitive markets result in private health insurance, which contributes to the concept of more insurance, which helps reduce health risks, but at the same time, increases demand and cost. In this regard, Nyman (2003) argued that most economists view the idea of controlling the supply side as a possible way of alleviating this problem. With such deliberations, it has been difficult for both the policy makers and economists to measure the level of demand and supply considered ideal in the market. In light with this, initiatives have been formulated in order to counteract moral hazard. Consumer moral hazards counter policies In order for policies to respond to consumer moral hazards, various issues h ave to be put into consideration without necessarily focusing on financial ones. The use of primary-care doctors as the gateway to preventing overuse of hospital services has been endorsed by many high income countries (Culyer and Newhouse 2000). On the other hand, the same modality has been endorsed by lower income countries by way of using bare-foot doctors. Nevertheless, numerous measures have been designed to counteract consumer moral hazards. Co-payments Co-payments have been utilized by a number of countries to exert some financial burden on the consumer in order to discourage unnecessary use of health care. This involves several schemes, which differ on the basis of the financial arrangement (Sexton 2010). Nevertheless, individual scheme is composed of flat rate change for each unit of service, a deductable akin to excess, and co-insurance. One of the most notable contributions of co-payments comes from the famous health insurance implement (HIE). In this particular experimen t, families that participated in the experiment were randomly assigned one of the different free-for-service insurance plans. The free for service plans involved different levels of cost sharing. Covered expenses included most medical services. Another set of the plan involved free access to inpatient services. The outcome of the experiment indicated that utilization responds to amounts paid out of pocket. Per capita total expenses on the free recorded 45 percent higher than those on the plan with a 95 percent co-insurance, however, spending rates on the rest of plans was on average. On the other hand, outpatient expenses on the provided free plan recorded an increase of 67 percent higher than those on the 95 percent co-insurance plan. The findings from this experiment indicated that an increase in the user price will lead to a decrease in demand. In this regard, it is apparent that implementing charges would lead to doctors concentrating more on those who can afford to pay (Sexton 2010). However, the implication is that those more in need tends to have less access to services. This becomes the problem of the approach advocated by RAND study. This is arguably true because in aggravate, the figure of those more in need of service and able to pay is replaced by those less in need and unable to pay. The other important issue of concern is whether the response of demand for health care to adjustment in its prices is the same or different for several groups in society (Nyman 2003). It is also necessary to

2 essay questions. (1) discusse fundamentalism in the U.S (2) does

2 questions. (1) discusse fundamentalism in the U.S (2) does Islamic fundamentalism have a global goal.Define, explain, and discuss - Essay Example Traditional theological principles valued the preservation of the past elements of life that the Christian believers upheld. This entailed the conservation of sacred beliefs and literature. This view was widely rejected by modernist theology that sought to improve the universal democracy and educational systems of the world. Generic fundamentalism attributes creation order as the source of varied culture and social patterns that assign different responsibilities and roles to various individuals in the community. Such responsibilities and roles may occur in every member of the community from state officials to clergy leaders. This offers a vivid dichotomy that helps to distinguish the roles expected from each individual and the state as a general. Historic fundamentalism provides insight to the religion practices that existed in the US in the early 20th century. As immigrant continued to occupy numerous parts of the United States, varied cultural practices and social changes emanated. The societal changes and cultural variations propelled the historic fundamentalism to use all means ranging from intellect to legislature and courts to protect their historical views. The historical fundamentalism spread Christianity after the Second World Warafter surviving the arduous era between the world war one and world war two. Islamic fundamentalism will entail the Islamic movement that adheres to principles and guidelines as stipulated in the holy book of Quran. The religious movement has global goals that depending to the interpretation one holds to the term, may lead to numerous global goals. Non-Muslim communities especially the West usually confuses the term Islamic fundamentalism to refer to an Islamic extremist who carry out terrorism. According to the Westerners view, the Islamic fundamentalism upholds doctrines and beliefs that augment their desire to carry out terrorism. Most non-Muslims view terrorism as a global goal among the

Law of Business Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of Business Organisations - Essay Example According to the QLD Partnership Act of 1891, there is a nature to partnership agreements that only holds partners accountable and liable for specific actions that are under the terms of agreement for a contract. According to Section 3 (1-15), liability issues of the business become questionable. Liability can be defined by the extent to which each individual is responsible for the other as well as through partner’s who breach the trust of other partners. According to section 23A, the liability not only includes basic actions and agreements, but also property and monetary value. Unless all property and money is acquired through business agreements, it is not a liability of the company. The rules to interest and duties of partners in section 27 also apply, which states that there is not a business agreement under the definition of a joint partnership unless each holds equal earnings within that agreement (Partnership Act 1891, 13-26, 2009). The first part to this is based on the term of partnership. Even though Jara and Alvarez are partners, Alvarez was not aware of the robbery or the deal that Jara had made with the robber. Under the terms of partnership, there is a joint ownership. However, this doesn’t mean that Alvarez or Jara is responsible for what the other owner does or does not do in terms of the partnership. Even though Alvarez and Jara are partners, Alvarez is not responsible for the actions that are taken by one of the members. This first defense doesn’t leave the company or Alvarez responsible for Jara’s actions. Unless he was involved in the act or had a joint agreement with the security used, he can’t be sued for his partners’ actions. Under section 3 (1-15), the definition of joint ownership does not include being responsible for individual actions. The second concept that applies under the partnership is based on the joint

Factors Making Small Communities in Pakistan More Vulnerable to Disasters Essay Example for Free

Factors Making Small Communities in Pakistan More Vulnerable to Disasters Essay There is no single definition or explanation of a disaster, as a matter of fact in this modern age of science and technology one could predict the time and place and estimate the damage when a disaster would hit a certain area however only an estimate could be made about the outcome of the dreadful event still all the disasters could not be forecasted. This prediction also has difference in opinion when it comes to interpret the disaster; economists may measure it by calculating the loss of assets, health workers might talk of diseases that might spread after the event, political view might be setting institutions to deal with the event and social view might involve the effects on the society. Pakistan has been at risk to many natural and manmade disasters in the past. History states various events when cyclones, flooding, drought, landslides and earth quakes have hit the country. The country is also believed to be one of the most flood prone terrains in South Asia. The floods of 1950, 1992 and 1998 and 2011 have taken various lives and made severe damage to property and assets. Pakistan is also located at seismically active zone making the area vulnerable to extreme consequences. This vulnerability was proven on October 2005 when an earthquake measuring 7. 6 on the rector scale had hit 9 districts in Kheyber Pakhtunkhuwa and Azad Jammu Kashmir killing over 72,000 people and destroying over 4,00,000 houses. Pakistan being an agriculture based country also has fear of droughts. The droughts of 2002 had cost an estimated amount of 2. 5 billion $. Pakistan does not have a lot of reported cyclone hit incidents to stat yet till now roughly fourteen cyclones have been recorded since 1971-2012 which also had damages in a notable amount. When a disaster strikes some area it does not spare any in its way but the most prone and effected people are the ones who belong to small communities. Their segregation and exclusion in to small communities might be due to the false and holistic systems present in our social circles bases on ethnic, religious or class based values in the current society. Further on these segregated segments are marked as poor or minorities. However these small communities are most vulnerable when a disaster strikes. The level of their vulnerability increases in the post disaster scenario. There are many factors behind the vulnerability which have horrific outcomes for these small communities as a result. I would like to discuss on a few factors which in my view point are the important factors and causes of the increased vulnerability of these small communities. Poverty is one of the most fundamental causes which results in increased level of vulnerability of small communities. Their lack of access to resources leads to the lack of capacity in dealing with a disaster. An estimate made in 2005 states that around 22. 6% of the total population lives under the poverty line in the country, further on 40% of the total urban population lives in slums. The economic situation in the country is not very stable and due to this inflation is widespread in the country leading to income volatility. In circumstances where poverty is present in the society at such a high scale, it gets difficult to make ends meet, fighting against a disaster is a question that does not even comes in to the context. Poor construction practices also result in the increase in the vulnerability of the small communities. Due to poverty still in many villages people build their houses out of mud. This is not a strong structure. At the time of a disastrous event such structures can prove not to be very resistant. Similarly in urban areas as mentioned above a large number of people live in slums which are again not a very resilient structure in case of disasters. There are no proper code and conducts devised by the government authorities to tackle with this issue. Such conditions increase the vulnerability of the small groups present in Pakistan. Weak early warning system is a problem present in many developing countries. Pakistan being a developing country also has this problem where due to the lack of resources and technology many disasters cannot be predicted on time. Due to this it gets hard to estimate the damage level and the intensity of the disaster beforehand. It also gets hard to make a relief plan or mitigation strategies to minimize the effects of the disaster. Remoteness and isolation is another factor which is caused by the cultural and social barriers due to which majority of the small communities are effected as they are segregated and isolated from the society. Remoteness can be taken in to two different means one is the social exclusion factor the other can be the nature of their inhabitant area which might geographically be landlocked by nature. In either ways their isolation can be a factor that can lead small communities in to a more vulnerable situation. Infrastructure can also play a role in increasing the vulnerability of small communities. If we take the area of Southern Punjab as in example the area consists of the rural side of the country and agriculture is their main source of employment, the place also has a history of floods related disasters in the past. Due to lack of proper roads etc it might get hard for people to evacuate even if the disaster as been predicted beforehand. The people from strong communities have means of transportation by which they can get to safety with ease on the other hand the poor and small communities don’t get a chance to evacuate from the danger zone. Awareness programs and education about strategies to counter disasters is a phenomenon which is not present in the current society. The floods of 2012 could be held in account as evidence of this acquisition as many of the rural poor were displaced as majority of their assets were destroyed and many lives lost. If people were given proper education about strategies to deal with the disaster as it was an area with high risk the amount of loss might have been reduced. Lack of community participation is also an important factor as due to exclusion, factions are produced in the society due to barriers they do not tend to interact with the weaker segments of the society. Their lack of communication and participation creates a divide and due to which the vulnerability is increased in the smaller communities at the time of crisis. Limited capacity and coordination between various governmental and nongovernmental agencies. This might occur due to the meager means of resistance available or mismanagement on behalf of the agencies. Corruption also has a role to play in this situation where the rights of the small communities are usurped by the larger or more power full factions of the society. This corruption could give rise to mistrust between the state and non state actors trying to fight against the disaster. As they don’t unite therefore their power is also diminished. Religious/Ethnic biases can also lead to disasters as small minorities are at stake. Due to quarrels and other means of violence threat to their assets and lives increases their vulnerability. Similarly in civil conflicts the small and less powerful communities are the ones which are at the high risk level due to their openness to danger. Rapid Urbanization as societies become more and more modern day by day the process of urbanization also increases. In search of reaching to an industrial society as it brings more and more recourses to increase the level and quality of life it also brings along some negative aspects out of which greed is most prominent. Today man has become so greedy that it does not care that what effects his voyage to success might have on others. Rapid Industrialization is also having its negative effects on the environment which will eventually lead to severe consequences as global warming. At the same time rapid urbanization means the extinction of forests and other natural resources. As majority of the small communities cannot afford to live at the core hence the are pushed to the outer circle of the area where there might be a non availability of basic necessities of lives leading to various epidemics for example due to lack of sanitation facilities or making them live in to disaster prone areas due to deforestation leading to earth quakes, landslides and floods. To conclude I would state that the above mentioned factors are some of many which evolve in our social system. What so ever is the cause of the disaster event either it is manmade, natural in nature it is the small communities which are affected the most. Social, political, armed conflicts, hazards all in total increase the vulnerability of small communities. Steps are to be taken in to account to eradicate this in justice from our society as this may lead to social unrest or may have even more bizarre outcomes on the community as a whole.

History Of Bilingual Court Cases Report

History Of Bilingual Court Cases Report This report is a critical summary of research conducted on three legal cases pertaining to bilingual education in U.S. Public Schools. This paper will include a complete description and analysis of Lau et. al vs. Nichols (1974), Castaneda v. Pickard case (1981), and LULAC vs. Florida Department of Education (1990). The objective is to focus on the adequacy and implications of these cases on the rights of English Language Learners (ELL) to receive a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). The findings will consider both primary legal findings and secondary information from professional journals to explain how knowledge of each of these cases may help teachers better meet the need and requirements of mainstreamed (ELL) students. The basis for current provisions to assure the rights of bilingual or limited English proficiency students in public education starts with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Several Supreme Court opinions, case law precedents, and legislation provide the legal background, which directly influences national school district policy and reaches into the classroom to insure English language learners receive an equitable public education appropriate to their linguistic and academic needs. The three cases presented here are legal milestones that display the continuing efforts toward school district policy and to achieve good teaching practices in the classroom to accommodate limited English proficiency students right to a free appropriate public education. Lau et al. vs. Nichols et al. is a lawsuit filed on behalf of Chinese American students in 1970 against the San Francisco Unified School Board. A lower court judgment and resultant appeals placed the case before the Supreme Court in December 1973. The U.S. Supreme Court Case Lau v. Nichols, 414 U.S. 563, (1974) was the consequence of a lack of English language instruction provided to approximately 1,800 students of Chinese ancestry who did not read, speak, write, or comprehend English in the San Francisco Unified School District. The passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Bilingual Education Act of 1968 provided the plaintiffs in Lau vs. Nichols with inspiration to pursue their rights to a quality education. In the legal case, defendants (the San Francisco Unified School District) argued that education is not a right. There was nothing in the Constitution that mentioned education as a basic right for all citizens. Individual states chose to establish schools to provide the basic needs of all citizens, and in this case, the Chinese-speaking children clearly needed special help. Even so, the defendants argued that the students had no Constitutional right to demand that the school district provide a remedy for their problem (McPherson, 2000, p. 64). Citing the Fourteenth Amendment clause, the attorney for the defendant, Burk Delventhal, pointed out that the provisions did not require the state to solve these problems all at once. State lawmakers, in their view, had already done a lot to solve problems for non-English-speaking children. The San Francisco Unified School District had complied within state guidelines as best they could in order to provide services to those in need. Edward Steinman (attorney for the plaintiffs) stated during oral arguments (Lau v. Nichols case summary and oral arguments, 1973) that approximately 1,800 of the 3,000 cited plaintiffs in the class action law suit received no English as a Second Language courses, and only a small number received a 40-minute a day pull-out instructional period. Additionally, a report from the San Francisco Unified School District illustrated how officials were acutely aware of the students lack of access to a quality education and its negative effects. In 1974, Chief Justice William O. Douglas wrote the official opinion; that identical education does not constitute equal education under the Civil Rights Act. School districts must take affirmative steps to overcome educational barriers faced by non-English speakers (Lyons, 1992, p. 8). The ruling set a clear precedent for school districts with a large percentage of non-English speakers, such as San Francisco Unified which counted 83% of its students as non-English speaking in 1974 (Wang, 1975). A well-structured English Language Learner (ELL) plan has to be a whole-school and district-wide initiative created by a multidisciplinary team involving ELL teachers, general education teachers, staff, special education teachers, and other language specialists. The multiple connections between the Lau v. Nichols case and teaching and learning also affect the way curricula is designed to gradually integrate ELL students into the regular school program. In 1975, following the Lau ruling, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) published policies for schools to address Limited English Proficiency (LEP) students, and the Federal Office for Civil Rights (OCR) was in charge of overseeing the Lau resolution. The OCR gave instructions to school districts about how students would qualify to receive help learning the English language, what specific measurements to take in order to help them, and the type of training teachers should have. In 1978, this ruling was tested in the case of Castaneda vs. Pickard when a parent (Roy Castaneda), of two Mexican-American students, filed against the Raymondville Independent School District (RISD), in Texas. Mr. Castaneda indicated the school district was in fact discriminating against his children because his children were placed in a group of classrooms based on criteria that was ethnically and racially discriminating. The claim was that RISD had failed to establish policy for bilingual education programs that would help his children overcome an English language barrier, and thus, as students, they could not compete with native English language speakers in the classroom. The Lau v. Nichols Case (1974) was cited as a requirement for school districts in this country to take the necessary actions in order to provide students the ability to overcome the English educational barriers. The Castaneda argument was that there was not real way to measure if the Raymondville Independent Sch ool Districts approach would overcome the English proficiency barrier. On August 17, 1978, a lower federal court initially ruled in favor of the Raymondville Independent School District citing that, in respect to the Castaneda vs. Pickard arguments, the Castaneda childrens constitutional or statutory rights were not violated. Mr. Castaneda felt the Federal Court made a mistake and filed for an appeal. In 1981, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit agreed and ruled in favor of the Castanedas case. As a result, the precedent established a three-part assessment to hold bbilingual education programs responsible and to gauge how they were following the spirit of the ESEA guidelines. The criterion parts must demonstrate that a program has; a practice grounded in sound educational theory; effective implementation of an appropriate program or practice; and results or assurance that the program is working through an evaluation and subsequent program modification to meet this requirement. This Castaneda ruling, along with the Supreme Court decision Lau v. Nichols (1974) and the Office of Civil Rights (OCR) Lau Remedies, reaffirmed the rights of English Language Learners to accessible public schooling that is adequate to their needs. These guidelines require an appropriate public program and comprehensible academic studies be held to the three level assessments to insure it is developed properly to accommodate the students English proficiency level needs. Such a program has to be aligned to state and local standards as required by statute. In League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) et al. vs. State Board of Education (August 1990), the court examines the ongoing efforts of the Florida Department of Education (FDOE) to meet both the letter and spirit of a 1990 Consent Decree between the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) and the Florida Department of Education. On August 14, 1990, a Florida Consent Decree established that Limited English Proficiency (LEP) students receive equal access to programming which is appropriate to his or her level of English proficiency, academic achievement, and special needs (United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. 1990). The plaintiffs (several groups active in the civil rights/educational community) charged that the State Board of Education had not met the requirements under federal and state law to provide LEP students with equal and comprehensible instruction. On September 10, 2003, the State Board of Education and LULAC signed an agreement, a negotiated modification to the 1990 Consent Decree. The Stipulated Agreement, signed by U.S. District Court Judge Federico Moreno is currently active in all of Floridas school districts. The Stipulated Agreement does not diminish any options for English for speakers of other languages (ESOL) endorsement or coverage in the 1990 Consent Decree. However, it does expand some of the original provisions. First, it provides an additional option through which a certified teacher may obtain ESOL coverage. Second, the amendment requires training, including post-certification hours, for all persons holding administrative and guidance counselor positions. Last, the new 2003 amendment allows the plaintiffs to secure access to the ESOL teacher test in addition, provide input that becomes part of the tests design. According to the Consent Decree, each student must have access to programming appropriate to his or her level of English proficiency, academic achievement, and special needs (United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. 1990). In order to monitor this directive, each district must submit an LEP plan to the Florida Department of Education (FDOE). The Consent Decree does not mandate a specific methodology for ESOL instruction, but instead permits flexibility to local needs and demographics. The state stipulates that LEP students must receive ESOL instruction in E nglish, however, and that they must have ESOL or home language instruction for reading, mathematics, science, social studies, and computer literacy. In addition to a plan for the district, each student must have an individual Limited English Proficiency Student Plan on file. This document includes information on the date of identification, assessment data, and goals for exiting ESOL programs. Each student is also assigned an LEP Committee composed of the students home teacher, an ESOL teacher, an administrator, in addition, a guidance counselor, or a social worker, if appropriate. Parents are invited to attend committee meetings. LEP committees are generally convened when a pupil is having difficulties, is eligible for reclassification, or is ready to participate in state assessments. Furthermore, each school must form an LEP Parent Leadership Council. According to the Decree, this parental representative body has an active participation in all decision-making processes that impact instruction and issues (United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. 1990). The LULAC vs. Florida Consent Decree requires each Limited English Proficient (LEP) pupil to receive equal access to programming which is appropriate to his or her level of English proficiency, academic achievement, and special needs (Lopà ©z, A. October 8, 2004). An amendment in 2003 requires an expansion of some of the original provisions. First, it provides an additional option through which a certified teacher may obtain ESOL coverage and specific levels of teacher training, including post-certification hours, for all persons holding administrative and guidance counselor positions. The amendment also allows the plaintiffs to secure access to the ESOL teacher test and provide input that becomes part of the tests design. The Consent Decree does not mandate a specific methodology for English Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) instruction, but instead permits flexibility to local needs and demographics. The state stipulates that LEP students must receive ESOL instruction in English, however, and that they must have ESOL or home language instruction for reading, mathematics, science, social studies, and computer literacy. In addition to a plan for the district, each student must have an LEP Student Plan on file. As part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) reauthorizations, a large part of Title 1 funding is now redirected by the legislation to be dedicated to a whole school program, which did improve the overall quality of education services. (Hanna 2005). The Lau remedies were to be withdrawn in 1981. Legislators attempted additional efforts to transform ESEA in the 1983 and 1989 reauthorizations under the Reagan and George H.W. Bush administrations. These republican admin ­istrations led a major campaign against bilingual education and were in favor of a back to basics education. The Bilingual Education Act, as amended in 1988, was an effort to re-define education programs with more specific goals, to provide for support centers, and to address capacity-building efforts. In 1993, democrats, lead by the Clinton administration, began a new education reform direction with the early development of standards-based reform through bills like Goals 2000. In 1994, under the Impro ving Amer ­icas Schools Act, the Bilingual Edu ­cation Act was reauthorized. This reauthorization rewrote ESEA with the idea that every state would create a standards-based system applicable to all students, including those who qualified under Title I (Hanna, 2005). For the first time, bilin ­gual education was considered a resource to help immigrants become fluent English speakers, and a po ­tential asset to improve the countrys prospects. A wave of anti-bilingualism policies reached its peak with George W. Bushs No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) in 2002. The law, which was a another reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), did not officially ban bilingual programs, but it imposed a high-stakes testing system that promoted the adoption and implementation of English-only in ­struction. Title VII, also known as the Bilingual Education Act, was eliminated as part of a larger school reform measure (Crawford, 2002). As such, the references to bilingual education in the previous ESEA documentation were redefined as English Language Learners in the new leg ­islation. The educational rights of school-age English language learners then are the new concerns of these cases and its series of legislative acts and court decisions. Jim Cummins, a noted Pedagogy author, published his thoughts as educational policies created at the national level are negotiated at the state and local school district levels as supports are provided to schools, teachers, and their students. In this way, federal policies affect classroom practice in the micro-interactions that occur between teachers and students (Cummins, 2001). The impact of the many legal cases on teachers meeting the needs and requirements of mainstreamed ELL students appears to result from a combination of policies influenced by immediate social, political, and economic factors. Officially, the United States does not have a national language policy which would directs a specific language practice in public schools, however, individual States have passed language policy legislation which places English ove r other languages. The national direction is on Civil Rights and any appropriate public program for comprehensible academic studies has to be developed to accommodate the students English proficiency level needs. State and local school districts are tasked by stature to align public education programs. Building an Equal Access Plan may generate misunderstandings in the classroom and community local levels based on funding and district training. A policy approved by a local school board will take time to construct so that steps for implementing a sound program can occur when needed. A newly arrived student could be waiting for several weeks under that scenario. A consequence of that approach is inaccessibility to appropriate instruction. A policy reflects a school districts intent to comply with the spirit and provisions of law. It also assures that, because it is policy, no teacher or administrator may veto provisions of that policy. It is possible for provisions in policy to become dated or ineffective. Sometimes improved approaches to instruction merit piloting or implementation. Under these circumstances, schools are advised to revise their policy, consistent with the provisions of statute, and to seek school board approval for the newly revised policy or additions to policy. A teachers creativity and excellence will service the classroom student and should not be limited or compromised by policy.

Newton Raphson Method Example

Newton Raphson Method Example INTEGRATED AC/DC POWER SYSTEM USING MODIFIED NEWTON-RAPHSON LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS ABSTRACT The Newton-Raphson method or the other name called Newton Method, is a powerful technique for solving equations numerically. Like so much of the differential calculus, it is based on the simple idea of linear approximation. The Newton Method, properly used, usually homes in on a root with devastating efficiency. In this research, the Newton-Raphson method load flow analysis will be modified. It is modified to attain compatibility for the AC/DC systems with unified DC links in the ac network. The modified Jacobian equation includes the DC real and reactive power at the AC/DC buses and their dependency on the AC system variables. The AC/DC test system with a load flow computation in MATLAB will be evaluated by using modified Newton-Raphson method. INTRODUCTION Electric power transmission was primitively developed with direct current. The availability of transformers and the development and of induction motors at the beginning of the 20th Century, led to greater appeal and use of AC transmission. The research and development on multi-electrode grid controlled mercury arc valve for high powers and voltages was carried out in 1929. There use in conversion processes for transmission and frequency changing was carried out in 1930’s. DC transmission now became practical when long distances were to be covered or where cables were required. After the Second World War, the research on HVDC got stimulated, particularly in Sweden and in Russia. In 1950, a 116 km experimental transmission line was commissioned from Moscow to Kasira at 200 kV [1]. HVDC transmission is now an integral part of the delivery of electricity in many countries throughout the world. In view of rapid growth in demand and supply of electricity, electric power system is becoming increasingly large and more complex. Moreover, regular electric supply is the sheer necessity for growing industry and other fields of life. The power industry planners are demanding stronger trend towards supplying electric power of higher quality by improving the system security and its impact on environment in parallel with pursuit of economy. In real life situation, the criterion of perfection is never met, because there are deviations between the model and reality. Load flow and state estimation analysis are important tools for deciding the stable operation and control of power system as well as future planning of power systems [2, 3]. The first commercial HVDC line built in 1954 was a 98 km submarine cable with ground return between the island of Gotland and the Swedish mainland [4]. Thyristors were applied to DC. Transmission in the late 1960’s and solid state valves became a reality. In 1969, a contract for the Eel River DC. Link in Canada was awarded as the first application of sold state valves for HVDC transmission [4]. PROBLEM STATEMENT Why use DC transmission in the transmission system? This question often asked by the people. Some of people are response that the losses will are lower. Unfortunately, the answer given not correct. Therefore, the level of losses is planed into a transmission system and modulate by the selected conductor size. Either as overhead transmission lines or submarine cables can have lower losses but at higher expense since the larger cross-sectional area will generally result in lower losses but cost more for the DC and AC conductors. It is mostly by economic choice, when converters are used for DC transmission in preference to AC transmission driven by one of the following reasons: An overhead DC transmission line with its towers can be designed to be less costly per unit of length than an equivalent AC line designed to transmit the same level of electric power. However it is more costly at each end of the DC converter stations than the terminating stations of an AC line. Therefore, there is a breakeven distance above which the total cost of DC transmission is less than its AC transmission alternative. Lower visual profile can have by the DC transmission line than an equivalent AC line. Indeed, it lead to a lower environmental impact. There are other environmental advantages to a DC transmission line through the electric and magnetic fields being DC instead of ac. The breakeven distance is lesser than overhead transmission, if transmission is by submarine or underground cable. It is not practicable to consider AC cable systems exceeding 50 km but DC cable transmission systems are in service with length which is in hundreds of kilometers and even distances greater than or equal 600 km have been considered executable. Neighboring networks are not synchronized with some AC electric power systems even though their physical distances between them are quite small. This situation occurs in Japan. It is 60 Hz network for half the country and the 50 Hz system for the other side. It is physically impossible to connect the both of them together by direct AC methods in order to exchange electric power between them. Nevertheless, it is likely to transfer the needed power flow even though the AC systems, if a DC converter station is located in each system with an interconnecting DC link between them indeed connected remain asynchronous [1]. OBJECTIVES The main objectives of this research are: To study the Newton-Raphson method for the load flow analysis. To modified the Newton-Raphson method to attain compatibility for AC/DC systems with integrated DC links in the AC network. SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY Load flow study is a crucial tool that involve with the numerical analysis applied to a power system. A power flow study usually uses simplified notation such as a one-line diagram and per-unit system and focuses on various forms of AC power (i.e. voltages, voltage angles, real power and reactive power) [5]. Normal steady-state operation is how the power system is analyze. Exist a few number of software implementations of power flow studies. Load flow analysis is probably the most important of all network calculations since it concerns the network performance in its normal operating conditions. It is performed to enquire the magnitude and phase angle of the voltage at each bus and the real and reactive power flows in the system components. The important of this study is to attain compatibility for AC/DC systems with integrated DC links in the AC network by using the modification of the Newton-Raphson power flow analysis method. SCOPE OF WORK The scope of this research is to analyze IEEE test system with the modified Newton-Raphson algorithm that will be develop and to solve the HVDC link power system load flow. This algorithm will be develop from the Newton-Raphson equation and some other equation from the DC link equations. The Jacobian equation for the AC power flow is altered to attain compatibility for systems with integrated DC link(s) in the AC network. Treated as voltage dependent PQ-buses are the converters. This grant the DC variables to be included in the power flow equations. Both the AC network and the DC link will be comprise by the new residual vector and Jacobian matrix [6]. LITERATURE REVIEW The studies of integrated ac/dc power system, their advantages and analysis of load flow in integrated ac/dc power system and their implementation is much developed here the literature review on these aspects is briefly summarized as: K. Ayan, U. Arifoglu, U. Kilic represent the Load Flow (LF) analysis of pure AC power systems is solved saperately. It is by numerical analysis methods and the heuristic methods. The load flow of integrated ac/dc power systems only has been implementing by numerical methods so far. A lot of methods to implement load flow analysis of integrated ac/dc power systems in literature. Examples of these methods are Newton-Raphson, Fast Decoupled and Broyden. By using Genetic Algorithm the consecutive load flow analysis of AC/DC system is implemented. The suggest method is examine on IEEE 9-bus test system. Heuristic method is apply for load flow analysis of the integrated AC/DC power systems for the first time [7]. Panosyan and Oswald presented the model of a two-terminal HVDC link and its integration into the Newton-Raphson method for the load flow analysis taking into consideration the control strategies of the HVDC converter stations. It is suggested that the simplest way of integrating a dc link into the ac load flow is by representing it by constant active and reactive power injections at the two terminal buses in the ac systems. Thus the two terminal ac/dc buses are delineate as a PQ-bus with a constant voltage independent active and reactive power [8]. Sanghavi and Banerjee suggested a sequential approach for performing the load flow analysis of an integrated ac/dc power system. In this approach a simplified model of the dc link has been developed and the means of integrating the link equation with a standard ac load flow program has been explained. in this model minimum amount of modifications have been made with a standard ac load flow program [3]. Mobarak presented the well-known Newton-Raphson method for the load flow analysis of system consisting of HVDC link. The original NR method is modified to attain compatibility for AC/DC systems with integrated DC links in the AC network. The altered Jacobian equation includes the DC real and reactive power at the AC/DC buses and the dependency on the AC system variables [9]. Marsafawy and Mathur proposed a new method for the load-flow calculations of, integrated AC/DC systems. They proposed use of fast decoupled load flow method, which handles all AC/DC equations simultaneously, and fully exploits the sparsity techniques. They have shown application of the technique on two systems. The systems are one with a point to-point DC transmission and the other with a 3-terminal mesh HVDC sub-system. It was a fast technique for load-flow studies of an integrated AC/DC system [10]. Â   METHODOLOGY Definition of Terms/Concepts MATLAB: MATLABÂ ®is a high-level language and interactive environment for numerical computation, visualization, and programming. Using MATLAB, data can be analyze, develop algorithms, and create models and applications. The language, tools, and built-in math functions enable us to explore multiple approaches and reach a solution faster than with spreadsheets or traditional programming languages. Newton-Raphson Equation: Power flow equations formulated in polar form. Expressing in polar form; Separating the real and imaginary parts; Expanding equation above in Taylors series The Jacobian matrix; DC Link Equation: Suppose the rectifier maintains constant current (CC), the inverter operates with constant extinction angle (CEA), maintaining adequate commutation margin under normal operation. That is: If we assume the rectifier maintains constant current (CC), the inverter operates with constant voltage (CV), maintaining adequate commutation margin under normal operation. That is: CONCLUSION In a nutshell, the objective of this study will be achieved after all the research have been done. The Newton-Raphson method will be study and will be applied in the load flow analysis. Then, the Newton-Raphson method will be modified and applied in the AC/DC systems with the integrated DC links in the AC network to achieve it compatibility. The research will able to make the calculation for the AC/DC systems with integrated DC links in the AC network become easy. A new method to include dc systems in power flow calculations will be proposed. The method is more efficient than previous methods and more importantly, the method is easy to implement and developments of ac power flow solution techniques can be combined with the other method. REFERENCES [1]D. A. Woodford, HVDC transmission, Manitoba HVDC Research Centre, pp. 400-1619, 1998. [2]J. Arrillaga and P. Bodger, Integration of h.v.d.c. links with fast-decoupled load-flow solutions, Electrical Engineers, Proceedings of the Institution of, vol. 124, pp. 463-468, 1977. [3]H. A. Sanghavi and S. K. Banerjee, Load flow analysis of integrated AC-DC power systems, in TENCON 89. Fourth IEEE Region 10 International Conference, 1989, pp. 746-751. [4]H. Sato and J. Arrillaga, Improved load-flow techniques for integrated a.c.-d.c. systems, Electrical Engineers, Proceedings of the Institution of, vol. 116, pp. 525-532, 1969. [5]S. Gupta and S. K. Jain, Power flow analysis of system with HVDC link, 2012. [6]O. Osaloni and G. Radman, Integrated AC/DC systems power flow solution using Newton-Raphson and Broyden approaches, in System Theory, 2005. SSST05. Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Southeastern Symposium on, 2005, pp. 225-229. [7]K. Ayan, U. Arifoglu, and U. Kilic, Integrated AC/DC systems Load Flow using Genetic Algorithm, in Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO), 2011 5th International, 2011, pp. 404-409. [8]A. Panosyan and B. Oswald, Modified Newton-Raphson load flow analysis for integrated AC/DC power systems, in Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2004. UPEC 2004. 39th International, 2004, pp. 1223-1227. [9]Y. A. Mobarak, Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication PrinciplesModified load flow analysis for integrated AC/DC power systems, in Power System Conference, 2008. MEPCON 2008. 12th International Middle-East, 2008, pp. 402-405. [10]M. M. El-Marsafawy and R. M. Mathur, A New, Fast Technique for Load-Flow Solution of Integrated Multi-Terminal DC/AC Systems, Power Apparatus and Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. PAS-99, pp. 246-255, 1980.

Solutions to Global Warming Essay -- Environmental Global Climate Chan

Solutions to Global Warming Scientists report that global warming has been escalating since the Industrial Revolution. Governments are trying to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions. With the speed of destruction of Earth?fs ecosystem, the survival of many species, including human beings, is threatened. In order to solve this danger, we have to reduce the consumption of energy and use the alternative energy resources. If we calculate the present energy price, alternative energy must be more expensive than fossil fuels. However if we consider the negative price which is caused by global warming, this result might be different. Now I would like to propose some solutions: (1) reduce the use of fossil fuels; (2) find alternative energy resources; (3) recycle usable resources; (4) planting trees to help combat global warming. I will explain these solutions in more detail. (1) Reduce the use of fossil fuels Global warming is regarded as being a result of the greenhouse effect, which in turn is caused by carbon dioxide emissions. Petroleum and coal are major sources of carbon-dioxide emissions. What would happen if we conserved these energy sources? The volume of carbon-dioxide emissions surely would decrease. But how? In summer and winter, we use electricity to cool our houses or provide heat. Turn down the temperature in winter and turn up the temperature in summer. Do you drive? Why not use the existing public transportation? These subtle things will reduce the use of fossi...

Red Scare :: essays research papers

Analysis of the Red Scare "The tumult and the shouting dies, The captains and the kings depart." -Kipling, The Recessional Mr. Kipling was wrong. War does not always end with the last cry on the battlefield. World War I certainly did not. After the war formally ended on November 18, 1918, there was an ideological war still going on in the US. An ideological war which prompted mass paranoia and caused, among many other things, what would be known as the Red Scare, which began in 1919 and ended in 1921. Red Scare was the label given to the actions of legislation, the race riots, and the hatred and persecution of "subversives" and conscientious objectors during that period of time. It is this hysteria which would find itself repeated several decades later in history when Senator Joeseph R. Macarthy accused high government officials and high standing military officers of being communist. Undoubtedly the most important topic of an investigation into a historical occurrence is its inception. What caused the Red Scare? At the heart of the Red Scare was the conscription law of May 18, 1917, which was put in place during World War I for the armed forces to be able to conscript more Americans. This law caused many problems for the conscientious objector to WWI, because for one to claim that status, one had to be a member of a "well-recognized" religious organization which forbade their members to participation in war. did Quaker relief work in Europe. 500 suffered court-martial, and out As a result of such unyeilding legislation, 20,000 conscientious objectors were inducted into the armed forces. Out of these 20,000, 16,000 changed their minds when they reached military camps, 1300 went to non-combat units, 1200 gained furloughs to do farm work, and 100 of these, 450 went to prison. However, these numbers are small in comparison with the 170,000 draft dodgers and 2,810,296 men who were inducted into the armed forces. Nevertheless, the conscientious objectors were targeted in the Red Scare after the war. They were condemned as cowards, pro-German socialists, although that was not everything. They were also accused of spreading propaganda throughout the United States. Very few conscientious objectors stood up for themselves. Roderick Siedenberg, who was a conscientious objector, wrote that "to steal, rape, or murder" are standard peacetime causes for imprisonment, but in time of war "too firm a belief in the words of Christ", and "too ardent a faith in the brotherhood of man" are more acceptable.

Stragegic Plan

A Strategic Plan And It’s Impact on the Rise and Downfall Of Netflix, Inc. [pic] MBA 517 Fall 2012 (Strategic Planning and Policy Analysis) 14th Dec, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS †¢ Executive Summary †¢ Strategic Vision †¢ Business Objectives †¢ Environmental Analysis †¢ Industry & Competitive Analysis †¢ SWOT Analysis †¢ Business Strategy †¢ Implementation Plan †¢ Monitoring Adjustment- A Dynamic Process Executive Summary Netflix, Inc. , the world’s largest and leading online DVD rental company; was founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in the year 1999 and operated from Los Gatos, California.In the very initial days Netflix started its business through online DVD rental using web media which is called as www. netflix. com through internet. The business was operated by delivering DVDs through postal mail and then charged the customers and this was called as Pay per DVD rental services. Gradually with this the company revenues increased and in a span of two years Netflix gone for an expansion and the Pay per DVD revenue model was replaced with a â€Å"fixed  monthly fee system†, the monthly fee was about $ 15. 95 per month.This was a major breakthrough for Netflix which has allowed all its customers wherein they can rent up to 4  DVDs per month without any due dates or late fees. After initializing the fixed monthly fee system, later in the year 2000, Netflix has launched one more strategy which was like customers can have up to four DVDs with in their possession one time for a fee of $19. 95 per month. Netflix's decided to split the business into two separate companies, one for the streaming and one for the â€Å"legacy† DVD business which is called as Qwikster.And then Netflix started charging the subscribers two separate bills every month which made Netflix to face the unexpected downfall. Netflix’s website for the subscribers www. netflix. com , which helped in prioritizing t he category and the choice of movies based on the customer’s preferences. By doing so, Netflix tracks the wish lists or queues of movies listed so that subscribers can browse movies of similar category and choose to watch. Then Netflix used to ship movies which are on the top of the wish list or queues of  subscribers through mail.Netflix has designed their website as per the requirements in which way it has all the ability and the facility of tracking the subscribers with individualized ratings based on all movies that customers had previously rated after viewing them. Netflix as a company enjoyed  tremendous success with all these success formulae, so it has decided to submit for an initial public offering. And later there was a huge drop in the stock market prices which dropped and due o the downfall in the stock the company position became little difficult for a company’s IPO to succeed with  uncertainty in the financial markets. In July 2000, Reed Hastings, CEO of Netflix, needed to decide whether the company should proceed with  the IPO or withdraw. During the current scenarios, Investment banks predicted that the IPO  of  Netflix would succeed only if it’s  showing positive cash flows within a twelve-month horizon. In 2005, Netflix has grown to a position where the company has 35,000 different film titles available and also shipped one million DVDs out on daily basis.Netflix developed and maintained an extensive personalized video-recommendation system based on ratings and reviews by its customers. In 2006, Netflix offered a  $ 100,000  to the first developer of a video-recommendation program that could beat its existing algorithm. And later in the year  2007, the company delivered its billionth DVD. In 2007, the company began to move away from its original core business model of mailing DVDs and introduced video-on-demand via the Internet. Netflix business has grown but while DVD sales fell from 2006 to 2011.Sep tember 18, 2011, Netflix announced its intentions to rebrand and structure its DVD home media rental service as an independent subsidiary company called  Qwikster, totally separating DVD rentals and streaming. Netflix's decided to split the business into two separate companies, one for the streaming and one for the â€Å"legacy† DVD business which is called as Qwikster. While splitting the business into two, however the businesses are going to run separately and they are going to operate on different websites. Subscribers of both the businesses got two separate billing statements (Probably it might have made sense in the long-term).It poses serious and immediate risks to Netflix's streaming business as the strategy to split the business into two did not took the turn as it was expected, and as the subscribers are the people who are all sitting at home and trying to rent DVDs, watch videos probably aren't thinking much about disruptive technologies and innovators' dilemmas. Subscribers just want to watch a movie as cheaply and as conveniently as possible. There was a loud backslash  that ensued after Netflix split its pricing plan in two is being turned several notches and as subscribers wondered how this latest business plit will affect them. The reason for the CEO to make this strategy is for the long-term betterment and also will be more profitable to have fewer subscribers paying more for month than continuously adding customers that only sign up for the cheapest plans and then withdraw soon. But the decision to raise prices so drastically $15. 98 a month to rent DVDs and for streaming is a 60% jump which caused customers rage and due to this Netflix has lost about 8,000,000 subscribers in one quarter of a year and investors had been buying on the hope that subscriber growth would continue for a long time.When Netflix gone ahead and planned to separate the organization into two as the strategy, the reaction of the subscribers is unpredictable and there was a huge reaction from the subscribers and within a span of six months the company lost most of the customers and the organization has incurred huge loss which made the company cancel the separation plan. To implement the above strategy, the management instead of bouncing back, I would suggest having a backup strategy which will be handling the management and opting for the alternative opportunities.If once we understand that the strategy of separating the business is failed then first thing is we should identify the impact of the decision ,on all parameters like lost market share, customer base, on revenues and profit gained by the competitors etc. and estimate where the organization is positioning . Then I would be going ahead and performing a gap analysis and identifying the current position of the organization and the most possible alternative strategies so that the organization will come back to its previous market.Apparently SWOT analysis also helps in identifying the areas which we need to work up on the organizations strengths and opportunities and ways to overcome the weakness and Threats which can cause hindrances. Reevaluating the proposed strategy is also one of the ways of implementing an effective strategic plan and a quick feedback of the implemented strategy will give any organization to control the impact before everything goes uncontrollable.In this case, Instead of applying the new strategy right away on the existing customers, what I suggest describes strategy to rebrand Netflix by applying the separation plans to new customers and allowing the old customers to enjoy the previous benefits and slowly make them adapt to the new product through proper promotional benefits. If any organization decided to launch a new product the best strategy would be introduce with the existing product so that the customers will be adapted to the new product and the existing customers will adapt to the new product by promoting with existing market.Hen ce the following plan describes a strategy to rebrand Netflix and successfully separate its business into Netflix and Qwikster based on the surveys and feedback collected from both existing and new customers. In-order to achieve this by holding the existing customers and attracting new customers, Netflix has to market the new product (both streaming and DVDs rental) by providing the new customers a free month trial (30 days) and also by giving the new product for the existing customers without any change in the fee. This would actually hold the existing customers and attract the new customers.Based on the response from the feedback and surveys, CEO will decide whether to continue providing the new product or move back to the previous existing product (which was already proved as a successful product). After the free trial (30 days) completes the new customers have a choice to be with either the new product â€Å"Qwikster† or just stay with Netflix. Strategic Vision According to (CEO) Reed Hastings, â€Å"Our vision is to change the way people access and view the movies they love†. Reed Hastings (CEO) strongly believed in delivering the product at an affordable price and conveniently .These are the success factors of Netflix. And also strongly believed that there are no replacements for the movies and the mission of Netflix can be considered as delivering the product in a desired way and make it attractive to the customers. Customer focus and understanding the preferences of the subscribers which helped in customer satisfaction . The goals of the Netflix also played a major role in achieving the desired revenues. Business Objectives Through these objectives Netflix will come out of the chaotic situation .These objectives can be measured through all the functions of the business mostly of financial and the objectives can be achieved and monitored at all the levels in the business. Financial objectives and Strategic objectives: The prime combined ob jective in this scenario would be to get back the lost customer base which was due to change in strategy and to gain them back is the prime objective. The second objective should be to expand the Qwikster business by launching the product and to attain a market share for them. The third objective should be increasing the new subscribers for the Netflix, Inc. o that the growth of the company would be prospering. The fourth objective should be to increase the revenues of the company by controlling the costs . The fifth objective should be to add value for business and pay the dividends to the shareholders. The above stated objectives are measured in monetary terms and other than the financial objectives Netflix should also focus on being a successful launcher for the new product Qwikster and also ensure that the quality is maintained without compromising and deliver the best customer service for its subscribers as it always did .These are the objectives which are more operational in n ature. To add on to the Operational objectives improvising on new technology, by improving the current process and optimum utilization of resources by maintaining employee relations and abiding with statutory rules and running the business on social and ethical behaviors are also considered as the operational objectives which can be key to the success for any organization. The time frame to achieve all the above listed objectives should be on quarterly basis.This could be achieved by doing a trend analysis on a monthly basis and reviewing how it can be achieved over a span of one year. Environmental Analysis The drastic growth of technology is one of the major successes for the Netflix and it is driven on technology based. Though it was started with delivering DVDs through postal services, gradually it started capturing the preferences of the customers by creating a wish list and based on their choices it has gained the customer satisfaction.Then on using the current technology Netf lix has developed streaming videos and later it was heading into developing the apps for usage on mobile devices also. When we discuss about the financial aspect due to the increase in prices there was a downfall in the shares of the company. Immediately after the decision was announced the share prices dropped drastically and there are many cancelations from the subscribers. Netflix faced a major downfall at the time of recession in 2000 and after the price hike strategy in 2011.These two years are the challenging years for the company however Netflix has overcome these with its current strategies. [pic] Industry & Competitive Analysis Netflix major competitors are Hulu and blockbuster and Netflix share is also disturbed other than the major players among you tube and also effected due to piracy. However Netflix success factor has created a brand image for streaming movies and DVD rentals. Netflix also faced competition from Redbox (movie rentals). SWOT Analysis Netflix’s st rengths: Netflix is strong in marketing their business. The main marketing strategy which attracts the customer is one month free trail and which helps the customers to get used to the product and continues with Netflix account. †¢ The other major strength for the Netflix is that they are flexible in delivering the DVDs to home every time subscribes are willing to watch a movie. The Netflix process that customers can create a recommendation based on their interest and those DVDs will be delivered very fast. Netflix is one of the pioneers in using the technology as Netflix streaming method helps the customers to watch instantly and they use the internet as the medium and Netflix is available on all electronic gadgets currently. †¢ Netflix strength is that they are patent protected recommendation service. †¢ Competitive prices are also which made the Netflix on of the niche in rental movie services. Netflix’s weakness: †¢ The fall in the Netflix demand is du e to the price strategy when the company decided to split the business which resulted in the downfall of Netflix. The other weakness is the dependency on the associates which has increased in the costs of Netflix. †¢ The disputes with major partners have resulted in limiting the streaming content. †¢ The rules of the movie content are also available with the competitors due to weak agreement. Netflix’s opportunities: †¢ Netflix is like a brand when it comes to watching movies it is the first to create. Though there are many competitors it was like a brand for watching movies online. †¢ One more opportunity is to focus on the international market as these are pioneers they can capture the world market spread. The other opportunity is as they are big players in this market segment they have the privilege of getting associated with big movie companies for a better price. †¢ Netflix can grab the opportunity using it on the mobile devices. †¢ Netflix can focus on streaming Games also. Netflix’s threats: †¢ The major threats for the Netflix are from the few competitors like hulu and blockbuster. †¢ The threat could be availability of pirated sites online and YouTube could also be a possible threat in near future as there are lots of channels spread throughout uploading movies. There is tremendous growth in technology and this company should be thinking on improving delivery methods. †¢ The threat is on increasing shipping costs which is giving an impact on the profits of the company. Conclusion: To summarize on the SWOT analysis is work on getting back the subscribers and find the ways on overcoming the weakness and threats and utilizing the opportunities and concentrate on building a strong market so that the company can run in a profit mode and can give a tough competition to the competitors. Business StrategyThe objective is achieved through the success of the company, while capturing the customer base by spreading the product with marketing their product at one month free trail offer. Due to this they have captured the new subscribers and also focused on the internet users who will be shopping DVDs or games online. The main objective for last year was to get back the customers and the CEO was successful by writing an apology mail to existing customers and apologizing over media about the decision he made about splitting the business.The CEO’s letter includes â€Å"I want to acknowledge and thank our many members that stuck with us, and to apologize again to those members, both current and former, who felt we treated them thoughtlessly. Both the Qwikster and Netflix teams will work hard to regain your trust. We know it will not be overnight. Actions speak louder than words. But words help people to understand actions†. The apology reached most of the customers and many are back to the Netflix as it is one of the most compatible sources we have today.Implementation Plan Implementation plan is the process where any organization should plan how they are going to achieve the suggested strategy. Netflix main focus should be on holding existing subscribers and also Netflix should attract new subscribers by marketing the new product appropriately. Marketing also plays a crucial role in implementing phase. Netflix should focus more on building a successful organization and the policies of the company should be formed in such a way that the strategies are supporting them.The company should also set best practices so that the various problems like customer complaints or technical issues can be addressed more effectively and immediately. Below is the Gantt chart view of the parameters and time frame. Also we can notice the time line displaying the tasks and the time frame. [pic] [pic] In my opinion if we follow these steps before implementing any product, it can yield best results. These are considered as the best practices for any implementation plan as im plementation is the key for success for any product before it’s launched. Monitoring Adjustment- A Dynamic ProcessThe monitoring plan would be to gain the control of the company so that the shareholders will invest in the company by winning the confidence of both subscribers and stakeholders where in the Netflix will not opt for any merger or opt for any business combination and the monitoring plan for the streaming company would be to target about 30 million customers across the world and be the world’s leading internet subscribing company where in providing movies for an affordable price and adapt to the technology where in the services can be streamed through various mediums like computers, televisions phones etc. Monitoring Elements | |Price Control | |Quality Assurance | |Customer Service and satisfaction | |Profitability | |Financial Elements | | |The monitoring plan for Netflix, according to my opinion should be that the company should concentrate more on main N etflix Company as it’s a parent company and then study the market trends for the streaming company by reaching the subscribers and getting them adapted to the new streaming company. However, for the second company to get adjusted with the market is a long term process. Netflix would have promoted the streaming DVDs with the original company over time and then it should have merged the process with renaming instead of doing it at the initial stage.Below attached is the survey and the result is that subscribers dilemma regarding the product itself and why Qwikster did not reach customers as they are unaware what it does really. [pic] It would have be great success if the name would have rhymed with Netflix so that the subscribers would have thought these two companies are related and as Netflix is most popular for movies and among customers.Here the monitoring of the entire implementation plan are done by taking surveys and one on one feedback from supervisors, managers and ver tical management heads and based on those reviews and suggestions change can be done and also time frame is limited or expanded. Overall with all these steps implemented and thereby Netflix when follows the suggested strategy then can overcome the current situation and also hold the existing customers while acquiring new customers. This will make Netflix, Inc. successfully launch its new product and remain world’s largest and leading online DVD rental company.References Websites: †¢ Netflix, Inc. www. netflix. com †¢ http://ir. netflix. com/downloads †¢ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Netflix †¢ http://www. bizjournals. com/sanjose/news/2011/09/19/complete-text-of-netflix-ceos-apology. html? page=all †¢ www. google. com †¢ http://www. cbsnews. com/8301-505124_162-43452943/turns-out-netflix-blew-the-qwikster-name-pick—-out-of-fear/ †¢ www. yahoo. com Thompson, A. A. , Peteraf, M. A. , Gamble, J. E. & Strickland III, A. J. Crafting and E xecuting Strategy: Concepts and Readings (18th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.